Express

Getting Started

Hello World

  • “Create project, add package.json configuration

    $ mkdir myapp # create directory
$ cd myapp    # enter the directory
$ npm init -y # Initialize a configuration

  • Install dependencies

    $ npm install express

  • Entry file index.js add code:

    const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const port = 3000
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res. send('Hello World!')
})
app. listen(port, () => {
  console.log(`Listening port on ${port}`)
})

  • Run the application using the following command

    $ node index.js

{.marker-timeline}

express -h

Usage: express [options] [dir]
Options:
  -h, --help output usage information
      --version output version number
  -e, --ejs add ejs engine support
      --hbs add hbs engine support
      --pug add pug engine support
  -H, --hogan add hogan.js engine support
      --no-view No view engine generated
  -v, --view <engine> add view <engine> support (ejs|hbs|hjs|jade|pug|twig|vash) (default jade)
  -c, --css <engine> add stylesheet <engine> support (less|stylus|compass|sass) (default css)
      --git add .gitignore
  -f, --force force non-empty directories

{.wrap-text}

Create a myapp project

$ express --view=pug myapp
# run the application
$ DEBUG=myapp:*npm start

express()

:- :-
express.json() #
express.raw() #
express.Router() #
express.static() #
express.text() #
express.urlencoded() #

Router

:- :-
router.all() #
router.METHOD() #
router.param() #
router.route() #
router.use() #

Application

var express = require('express')
var app = express()

console.dir(app.locals.title)
//=> 'My App'
console.dir(app.locals.email)
//=> '[email protected]'

Attribute

:- :-
app.locals Local variables in the application #
app.mountpath Path pattern for mounting sub-apps #

Events

:- :-
mount The child application is mounted on the parent application, and the event is triggered on the child application #

Method

:- :-
app.all() #
app.delete() #
app.disable() #
app.disabled() #
app.enable() #
app.enabled() #
app.engine() #
app.get(name) #
app.get(path, callback) #
app.listen() #
app.METHOD() #
app.param() #
app.path() #
app.post() #
app.put() #
app.render() #
app.route() #
app.set() #
app.use() #

Request

Attribute

:- :-
req.app #
req.baseUrl #
req.body #
req.cookies #
req.fresh #
req.hostname #
req.ip #
req.ips #
req.method #
req.originalUrl #
req.params #
req.path #
req.protocol #
req.query #
req.route #
req.secure #
req.signedCookies #
req.stale #
req.subdomains #
req.xhr #

Method

:- :-
req.accepts() #
req.acceptsCharsets() #
req.acceptsEncodings() #
req.acceptsLanguages() #
req.get() Get HTTP request header fields #
req.is() #
req.param() #
req.range() #

Response

app.get('/', function (req, res) {
  console.dir(res.headersSent) //false
  res.send('OK')
console.dir(res.headersSent) //true
})

Attribute

:- :-
res.app #
res.headersSent #
res.locals #

Method

:- :-
res.append() #
res.attachment() #
res.cookie() #
res.clearCookie() #
res.download() Prompt for files to download #
res.end() end the response process #
res.format() #
res.get() #
res.json() Send JSON response #
res.jsonp() Send a response with JSONP support #
res.links() #
res.location() #
res.redirect() Redirect request #
res.render() render view template #
res.send() Send various types of responses #
res.sendFile() Send a file as an octet stream #
res.sendStatus() #
res.set() #
res.status() #
res.type() #
res.vary() #

Example

Router {. row-span-2}

Called for any request passed to this router

router. use(function (req, res, next) {
  //.. some logic here .. like any other middleware
  next()
})

will handle any request ending in /events

//depends on where the router "use()"
router. get('/events', (req, res, next) => {
  //..
})

Response

The res object represents the HTTP response sent by the Express application when it receives an HTTP request

app.get('/user/:id', (req, res) => {
  res.send('user' + req.params.id)
})

Request

A req object represents an HTTP request and has properties for the request query string, parameters, body, HTTP headers, etc.

app.get('/user/:id', (req, res) => {
  res.send('user' + req.params.id)
})

res. end()

res. end()
res.status(404).end()

End the response process. This method actually comes from the Node core, specifically the response.end() method of http.ServerResponse

res.json([body])

res.json(null)
res.json({ user: 'tobi' })
res.status(500).json({ error: 'message' })

app.all

app.all('/secret', function (req, res, next) {
  console.log('access secret section...')
  next() // Pass control to the next handler
})

app.delete

app.delete('/', function (req, res) {
  res.send('DELETE request to homepage')
})

app.disable(name)

app.disable('trust proxy')
app.get('trust proxy')
// => false

app.disabled(name)

app.disabled('trust proxy')
// => true

app.enable('trust proxy')
app.disabled('trust proxy')
// => false

app.engine(ext, callback)

var engines = require('consolidate')

app.engine('haml', engines.haml)
app.engine('html', engines.hogan)

app.listen([port[, host[, backlog]]][, callback])

var express = require('express')

var app = express()
app.listen(3000)

Routing

const express = require('express')
const app = express()

//Respond to "hello world" when making a GET request to the homepage
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.send('hello world')
})

// GET method routing
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.send('GET request to the homepage')
})

// POST method routing
app.post('/', (req, res) => {
  res.send('POST request to the homepage')
})

Middleware

function logOriginalUrl (req, res, next) {
  console.log('ReqURL:', req.originalUrl)
  next()
}

function logMethod (req, res, next) {
  console.log('Request Type:', req.method)
  next()
}

const log = [logOriginalUrl, logMethod]

app.get('/user/:id', log,
  (req, res, next)=>{
    res.send('User Info')
  }
)

Using templates

app.set('view engine', 'pug')

Create a Pug template file named index.pug in the views directory with the following content

html
  the head
    title= title
  the body
    h1=message

Create a route to render the index.pug file. If the view engine property is not set, the extension of the view file must be specified

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res. render('index', {
    title: 'Hey', message: 'Hello there!'
  })
})
config  format